A Systematic Review of the Impact of Syntax on ESL/EFL Reading Comprehension

Abstract

This systematic review examined the impact of syntax on ESL/EFL reading comprehension. Following a structured review methodology, relevant studies were identified, screened, and analyzed to explore how syntactic complexity influences learners’ reading abilities. The findings indicated that strong syntactic knowledge is essential for successful reading comprehension. Explicit grammar instruction and the use of tools such as Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) programs were found to significantly improve comprehension skills. The review also addressed instructional gaps, offered practical applications for curriculum design, and underscored the need for tailored support for learners facing syntactic challenges.